© Robin Stevens 2017
Tonic Sol-fa--now often referred to as the Curwen method—was developed by the Congregational minister the
Reverend John Curwen (1816-1880) from the 1840s using several English and Continental sources including
Sarah Glover’s Norwich Sol-fa method. The bases of the method were two nmemonic (memory-aid)
methods—one for performing pitch (solmisation or, as it is more commoly known, sol-fa) and the other for
performing rhythm (time names). These, together with the Modulator chart, the pitch hand signs, rhythm
finger signs and a system of "letter" notation enabled students to become musically literate and to become
competent sight singers. Although Curwen originally used his method as a means of teaching music reading
from staff notation, by the 1872 edition of The Standard Course, staff notation was dispensed with altogether in
favour of letter notation.
The motto of the Tonic Sol-fa movement—"Easy, Cheap and True"—was adopted by Curwen during the 1860s.
This motto aptly describes firstly the relative ease of teaching music literacy through the Curwen method as
compared with other contemporary approaches, secondly the fact that standard printing press characters
could be used for Tonic Sol-fa notation instead of the special characters and printing processes required for
staff notation, and finally the underlying logic of the system’s theoretical and notational principles.
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